There has been a structural change in the aluminium industry, which has led to a greater separation of bauxite mining, alumina refining and aluminium smelting. This has been driven by both merger and acquisition activity and the massive expansion of aluminium production in China, with the associated construction of alumina refineries dependent on highquality bauxite imports. The ban on bauxite exports by Indonesia has led to uncertainty and created opportunities for new suppliers. Junior bauxite companies with credible projects have emerged in Australia.