The dramatic – and historic – vote on June 23rd for the UK to exit the EU caught many organisations short, not least the EU itself. Both stock markets and currency markets were anticipating a narrow majority for the UK to remain within the EU – on a similar basis to the 2014 Scottish referendum. But it was not to be. As a result, the financial markets have reacted sharply in recent months, although other non- Brexit factors have also come into the equation.